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1.2 Ultrastructure of cells

IB Syllabus Statements

Understandings:

  • Prokaryotes have a simple cell structure without compartmentalization.

  • Eukaryotes have a compartmentalized cell structure.

  • Electron microscopes have a much higher resolution than light microscopes.

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Applications and skills:

  • Application: Structure and function of organelles within exocrine gland cells of the pancreas and within palisade mesophyll cells of the leaf.

  • Application: Prokaryotes divide by binary fission.

  • Skill: Drawing of the ultrastructure of prokaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.

  • Skill: Drawing of the ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells based on electron micrographs.

  • Skill: Interpretation of electron micrographs to identify organelles and deduce the function of specialized cells.

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Videos

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Structure and Function of Organelles

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Topic 1.2 Ultrastructure of cells - SSaQ (Syllabus Statement as Questions)

  • What is meant by compartmentalization in relation to cells? How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar or different in this respect?

  • Compare light and electron microscopes in terms of magnification, resolution and the ultrastructure of cells.

  • Outline the structure and function of organelles within pancreas exocrine gland cells.

  • Outline the structure and function of organelles within leaf palisade mesophyll cells.

  • By which method do prokaryotes divide?

  • Draw the ultrastructure of a prokaryotic cell. Include the following: cell wall, pili, flagella, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, 70S ribosomes, nucleoid with naked DNA

  • Draw the ultrastructure of a eukaryotic cell. Include the following: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, 80S ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum. If plant cell, also include cell wall, chloroplast, and a central vacuole.

  • Explain how you would use visual cues to identify the organelles in an electron micrograph.

  • If an electron micrograph revealed large amounts of rough ER compared to other cells, what could you deduce about the function of this specialized cell?

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